Avaliação sensório motora de tornozelo e pé em pacientes diabéticos
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Abstract
The number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has been growing more and more due to the increase in physical inactivity worldwide. According to the Ministry of Health, in Brazil alone, between 2006 and 2016 the number of Brazilians with diabetes increased 61.8% and as a complication of DM, the vast majority of patients may develop Peripheral Neuropathy (PN). PN is a condition that affects the peripheral nerves, which are responsible for forwarding information from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. This can cause loss of sensation, weakness and muscle atrophy, especially in the hands and legs. Sedentary diabetics have greater disposition and prevalence for the onset of PN. The loss of protective sensitivity caused by PN as opposed to other diseases that damage peripheral nerves is irreversible. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensorimotor changes present in the ankle and foot of patients with DM. Thirty patients from the gerontology physiotherapy sector of the São Judas Tadeu University were selected and divided into 15 patients with diabetes mellitus and 15 patients without diabetes mellitus. To identify the sensorimotor alterations, sensitivity evaluations were performed using monofilaments, 128Hz tuning fork and muscle strength test. With the obtained data, a comparative analysis (Student's t test) was made between the groups and the significance level adopted in this study was p≤0.05. The 30 patients were separated into two groups, the group with DM (group A) and the group without DM (group B), aged between 70.67 ± 8.16 and 68.67 ± 9.42 respectively. It was noted that both groups showed significant changes in the dorsiflexion and flexion values of the right toes and also in the dorsiflexion of the left foot, but in patients with DM, the ankle and foot tenderness and muscle strength were lower compared to patients without DM. Therefore, it is concluded that DM impacts on the development of NP through deficits in muscle sensitivity and strength.
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